{"id":11240,"date":"2022-05-24T02:07:38","date_gmt":"2022-05-24T00:07:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.quieryavenir.fr\/blog\/?p=11240"},"modified":"2022-05-22T12:11:42","modified_gmt":"2022-05-22T10:11:42","slug":"les-ravages-de-lindustrie-eolienne-sur-les-animaux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.quieryavenir.fr\/blog\/2022\/05\/24\/les-ravages-de-lindustrie-eolienne-sur-les-animaux\/","title":{"rendered":"Les ravages de l\u2019industrie \u00e9olienne sur les animaux\u00a0!"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11242 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quieryavenir.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Borne-220522-300x173.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"673\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quieryavenir.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Borne-220522-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.quieryavenir.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Borne-220522.jpg 645w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 673px) 100vw, 673px\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000458;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">I. Etat des lieux de l\u2019industrie \u00e9olienne<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Au-del\u00e0 de notre avis sur l\u2019industrie \u00e9olienne, il est important de s\u2019int\u00e9resser aux effets d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8res\u00a0des a\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs sur les animaux :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les grandes \u00e9oliennes industrielles, <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">de 200 m en bout de pales, <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">affectent le flux migratoire\u00a0des oiseaux<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Elles semblent tourner lentement mais <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">le bout des pales atteint 300 Km\/h, surprenant les oiseaux dans leur vol<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les fondations d\u2019une \u00e9olienne, c\u2019est <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">600 m<\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong><sup><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> soit 1500 tonnes de b\u00e9ton, 25 \u00e0 40 tonnes d\u2019acier en sous-sol<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> ;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les pales d\u2019une \u00e9olienne sont <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">non-recyclables<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">nappe phr\u00e9atique<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> risque d\u2019\u00eatre <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">contamin\u00e9e<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> lors de la construction\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">terres agricoles<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> sont <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">impact\u00e9es<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> en raison du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de compaction des sols d\u00e9coulant du transport n\u00e9cessaire de mat\u00e9riaux lourds\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">L\u2019\u00e9olien est l\u2019\u00e9nergie qui consomme le plus de terres rares<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, son alternateur \u00e0 aimants permanents est compos\u00e9 de n\u00e9odyme extr\u00eamement polluant\u00a0;\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Le balsa, arbre amazonien, est utilis\u00e9 pour la fabrication des pales<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, cela contribue \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">De nombreuses installations \u00e9oliennes n\u00e9cessitent la <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">construction de nouvelles lignes \u00e9lectriques<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> et sont une <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">source de mortalit\u00e9 des oiseaux<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">L\u2019implantation de <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">l\u2019\u00e9olien r\u00e9duit les terres cultivables, entra\u00eene d\u00e9forestation, r\u00e9duit les zones humides et les lieux de vie de nombreux animaux<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Par ailleurs, l\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e9olienne g\u00e9n\u00e8re bruits, infrasons et effet stroboscopique :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les \u00e9tudes soulignent les <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">m\u00eames effets d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8res du bruit sur les animaux que chez les humains<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les \u00e9oliennes produisent des infrasons<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, sons non per\u00e7us par l\u2019oreille humaine, mais ressentis avec la cage thoracique, sous forme de vibrations, pulsations, et pressions\u00a0; Certains scientifiques pensent que <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">certains oiseaux utilisent les infrasons pour naviguer<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> et sont affect\u00e9s par celles \u00e9mises par les \u00e9oliennes\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">L\u2019effet stroboscopique<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> g\u00e9n\u00e8re une alternance d\u2019ombres mouvantes et de lumi\u00e8re. Des sautes de luminosit\u00e9 qui attirent le regard, perturbent la vision et diminuent l\u2019attention. <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les 3 organes de perception de la position, oreille interne, yeux et r\u00e9cepteurs musculaires et articulaires, sont alors en d\u00e9saccord<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La justice a reconnu le syndrome \u00e9olien pour les humains en novembre 2021 (<a href=\"https:\/\/bruit.fr\/production-d-energie\/la-justice-reconnait-le-syndrome-eolien\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1<\/a>) Qu\u2019en est-il pour les animaux\u00a0?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les pr\u00e9fets prennent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des arr\u00eat\u00e9s autorisant \u00e0 d\u00e9roger \u00e0 l\u2019interdiction de d\u00e9truire un tr\u00e8s grand nombre d\u2019esp\u00e8ces prot\u00e9g\u00e9es ainsi que leur habitat pour la dur\u00e9e de vie d\u2019un parc \u00e9olien<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vendee.gouv.fr\/arrete-prefectoral-derogation-especes-protegees-a3097.html?msclkid=e7f52771aaed11ec99c11de9b1a6ec94\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2<\/a>). Oiseaux, chauves-souris, insectes, mais \u00e9galement animaux marins en sont victimes et l\u2019on s\u2019inqui\u00e8te de plus en plus pour le comportement des vaches qui est alt\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des \u00e9oliennes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000458;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">II. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000458;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La mortalit\u00e9 des animaux volants<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Voici quelques chiffres issus d\u2019\u00e9tudes r\u00e9alis\u00e9es sur l\u2019incidence des \u00e9oliennes sur les animaux volants qui illustrent l\u2019h\u00e9catombe.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Figure 1\u00a0: Nombre de victimes d\u00e9nombr\u00e9es par \u00e9olienne et pour l\u2019ensemble des parcs selon les pays<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<table width=\"643\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"91\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Pays<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"153\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Source<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"40\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Date<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Nombre \u00e9oliennes<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"135\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Moyenne de victimes\/an<\/b><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\/\u00e9olienne<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"144\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Nombre de victimes\/an<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"91\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">France\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"153\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">LPO\u00a0: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>\u00ab\u00a0Le parc \u00e9olien fran\u00e7ais et ses effets sur l\u2019avifaune\u00a0\u00bb <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"40\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">2017<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">8 500<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"135\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">30 chauves-souris et 7 oiseaux tu\u00e9s<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"144\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">250\u00a0000 chauves-souris et 60 000 oiseaux<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"91\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Etats Unis \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"153\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">American Bird Conservancy \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"40\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">2021<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">65 000<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"135\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">15 oiseaux et 23 chauves-souris<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"144\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Un million d\u2019oiseaux \u00e0 minima<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"91\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Espagne<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"153\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ornithologique \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"40\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">2012<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">18 000<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"135\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">100 \u00e0 300 oiseaux et 200 \u00e0 600 chauves-souris<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"144\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Entre 6 et 18 millions d\u2019oiseaux et de chauves-souris<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"91\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Allemagne<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"153\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Bernd Koop, ornithologue \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"40\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">30 000<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"135\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"144\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Entre 2 et 4 millions d\u2019oiseaux<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"91\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Suisse<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"153\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Station ornithologique de Sempach \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"40\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">2016 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">41<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"135\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">21 oiseaux<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"144\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">861 oiseaux<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"91\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Belgique<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"153\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">L\u2019association flamande Natuurbehoud Vlaanderen <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"40\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">2015<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">1 600<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"135\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">25 oiseaux<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"144\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">4\u00a0000 oiseaux<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"91\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Mark Duchamp Pr\u00e9sident<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"153\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Conseil mondial pour la Nature \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"40\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">2015<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"78\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"135\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">400 chauves-souris et 200 oiseaux morts \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"144\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">L\u2019impact pr\u00e9judiciable d\u2019un parc \u00e9olien industriel sur les oiseaux migrateurs et les chauves-souris est \u00e9vident, leur responsabilit\u00e9 sur le d\u00e9clin des insectes volants ne l\u2019est pas moins.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">2-1.<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">L\u2019effondrement des populations d\u2019insectes volants<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Gu\u00eapes, abeilles, mouches, papillons<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> sont les <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">principaux pollinisateurs des plantes \u00e0 fleurs qui constituent la majorit\u00e9 de la biodiversit\u00e9 v\u00e9g\u00e9tale<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les insectes<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, en pollinisant les plantes sauvages, <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">jouent un r\u00f4le crucial dans l\u2019alimentation humaine<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">et animale<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> puisque 75\u00a0% des fruits et l\u00e9gumes que l\u2019on consomme sont li\u00e9s aux pollinisateurs et qu\u2019ils sont une source de nourriture pour 60 % des oiseaux. <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">S\u2019ils disparaissaient<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, l\u2019humanit\u00e9 serait confront\u00e9e \u00e0 une <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">crise alimentaire mondiale\u00a0; <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">la biodiversit\u00e9 v\u00e9g\u00e9tale est par ailleurs essentielle pour notre sant\u00e9 et pour la plan\u00e8te.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">En 2019, pour la premi\u00e8re fois une \u00e9tude allemande, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par le chercheur Franz Trieb du Centre allemand de recherche a\u00e9rospatiale (DLR) de Stuttgart, s\u2019est int\u00e9ress\u00e9e \u00e0 la responsabilit\u00e9 des \u00e9oliennes sur le d\u00e9clin des populations d\u2019insectes\u00a0; <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">c\u2019est<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">entre 5 et 6 milliards d\u2019insectes par jour entre avril et octobre qui viennent s\u2019\u00e9craser sur les 30 000 \u00e9oliennes allemandes<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.\u00a0Papillons et autres insectes volants restent fix\u00e9s sur les lames, laissant une trace sur les pales, g\u00eanant l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des \u00e9oliennes. Mais la seule pr\u00e9occupation des promoteurs \u00e9oliens a \u00e9t\u00e9 de cr\u00e9er un secteur entier d\u2019entreprises de nettoyage pour les parcs \u00e9oliens, tout en ignorant la mortalit\u00e9 des insectes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">D\u2019ici 2050, on s\u2019attend \u00e0 un effondrement brutal de la population d\u2019insectes, c\u2019est le constat fait par des experts de la biodiversit\u00e9 r\u00e9unis en 2019 \u00e0 Paris par l\u2019ONU. L\u2019universit\u00e9 Radboud aux Pays-Bas en collaboration avec des chercheurs allemands a conclu en 2017 que\u00a0<\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">la masse totale des insectes volants avait diminu\u00e9 de plus de 75% depuis 1989<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. M\u00eame si les \u00e9oliennes ne sont les seules responsables, la question doit \u00eatre approfondie. D\u2019autant plus que ces <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">insectes coll\u00e9s sur les \u00e9oliennes<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> deviennent \u00e0 leur tour un <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">pi\u00e8ge mortel pour les chauves-souris et les oiseaux insectivores<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">2-2.<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La disparition des Chauves-souris<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les biologistes consid\u00e8rent les zones de <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">projets \u00e9oliens<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (massifs forestiers, vall\u00e9es fluviales, cols) <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">incompatibles avec la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des chauves-souris<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. En mai 2021, la SFEPM, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise pour l\u2019\u00e9tude et la protection des mammif\u00e8res, a publi\u00e9 un manifeste pr\u00e9venant de l\u2019<\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">impact mortel des \u00e9oliennes sur les populations de chauves-souris<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Les noctules, chauves-souris de haut vol, sont directement affect\u00e9es par les collisions avec les pales des <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00e9oliennes<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Or, <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">au-del\u00e0 d\u2019un seuil de mortalit\u00e9, le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne sera quasi irr\u00e9versible<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, et nous en sommes proches, explique la SFEPM.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">D\u2019apr\u00e8s une projection de Vigie-Chiro datant de juillet 2020, la noctule pourrait perdre jusqu\u2019\u00e0 88 % de sa population dans les 15 prochaines ann\u00e9es. Le Conseil mondial pour la Nature estime qu\u2019<\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">une seule \u00e9olienne tue 400 chauves-souris par an<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (voir figure 1). Laurent Arthur, chiropt\u00e9rologue, d\u00e9clarait en juin 2021\u00a0:\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">quand on trouve une chauve-souris morte, il y en a en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 10 de disparues<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> \u00bb\u00a0; les corps sont disloqu\u00e9s avant d\u2019atteindre le sol, emport\u00e9s par des pr\u00e9dateurs, ou mang\u00e9s par les insectes au sol.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La raison de ce carnage tient au fait que <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">ces petits mammif\u00e8res volants sont attir\u00e9s par les \u00e9oliennes qui fixent les insectes<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> \u00e9cras\u00e9s sur les pales. Les m\u00eames raisons expliqueraient aussi pourquoi <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">de nombreux oiseaux insectivores sont tu\u00e9s par les \u00e9oliennes<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Une \u00e9tude de 2014 souligne qu\u2019\u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des \u00e9oliennes, pr\u00e8s de 88 % de chauves-souris changeaient m\u00eame de trajectoire pour se diriger vers l\u2019appareil ! Mais, ces petits mammif\u00e8res \u00e9voluent \u00e0 des vitesses lentes et ne sont pas suffisamment rapides pour \u00e9viter les pales.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Par ailleurs, les ultrasons des turbines des \u00e9oliennes d\u00e9sorientent les chauves-souris, elles peuvent mourir par h\u00e9morragies internes dues \u00e0 une brusque baisse de pression provoqu\u00e9e par les p\u00e2les. Et la situation tend \u00e0 s\u2019aggraver avec l\u2019apparition depuis trois ans des parcs de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration dont les pales se rapprochent de plus en plus du sol. Initialement les \u00e9oliennes battaient \u00e0 une cinquantaine de m\u00e8tres d\u2019altitude, celles d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui descendent le plus souvent sous la barre des 30 m\u00e8tres et les plus basses raseront la terre \u00e0 10 m\u00e8tres d\u2019altitude. Apr\u00e8s avoir impact\u00e9 les esp\u00e8ces de haut vol, <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">c\u2019est la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des esp\u00e8ces de chauves-souris qui vont \u00eatre concern\u00e9es par les collisions<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">2-3.<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La destruction des oiseaux<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Selon le Conseil mondial pour la Nature, on compte une moyenne de <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">200 oiseaux morts par \u00e9olienne et par an<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (voir figure 1). Selon l\u2019\u00e9tude de la LPO de juin 2017, <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">l\u2019\u00e9olien peut g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des impacts directs, comme la collision, ou indirects, li\u00e9s \u00e0 la perte d\u2019habitats<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. En 2018, ce sont deux \u00e9tudes fran\u00e7aises, men\u00e9es par le Mus\u00e9um national d\u2019Histoire naturelle (MNHN) et le CNRS, qui nous ont alert\u00e9 : \u00ab <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les oiseaux des campagnes fran\u00e7aises disparaissent \u00e0 une vitesse vertigineuse<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0\u00bb. Selon une r\u00e9cente \u00e9tude de la Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), un oiseau sur six aurait disparu en Europe depuis 1980, soit pr\u00e8s de 600 millions d\u2019oiseaux nicheurs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Comme pour les chauves-souris, <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">la mortalit\u00e9 des oiseaux migrateurs est aggrav\u00e9e<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> lorsque les \u00e9oliennes sont implant\u00e9es <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">sur un couloir migratoire<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Au-del\u00e0 des pesticides, <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">les parcs d\u2019\u00e9oliennes dans les prairies r\u00e9duisent l\u2019habitat des oiseaux <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">nichant dans les prairies. Mais, les oiseaux qui en souffrent le plus sont <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">les grands rapaces, d\u00e9cim\u00e9s par les \u00e9oliennes <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">responsables en partie de leur disparition. Ces oiseaux de proie \u00e9liminent les animaux malades ou morts, \u00e9vitant des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies et sont attir\u00e9s par ceux qui gisent sous les \u00e9oliennes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Parmi les grandes victimes, la grande outarde devenue rarissime, les \u00e9chassiers comme la cigogne ou les h\u00e9rons, les vautours fauve et moine et autres grands rapaces, attir\u00e9s par les oiseaux d\u00e9j\u00e0 tu\u00e9s. <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ils se font couper litt\u00e9ralement en deux par les pales des \u00e9oliennes<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">qui contribuent \u00e0 la disparition des derniers grands rapaces d\u2019Europe<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. En Allemagne, le milan royal qui figure sur les armoiries du Brandenbourg, a compl\u00e8tement disparu, massacr\u00e9 par les \u00e9oliennes. La Roumanie est en train d\u2019installer <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">des parcs \u00e9oliens sur le pourtour du delta du Danube<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, une zone naturelle d\u2019une richesse extraordinaire, <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">mena\u00e7ant ainsi des centaines d\u2019esp\u00e8ces d\u2019oiseaux<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Plusieurs causes sont \u00e0 l\u2019origine du danger des \u00e9oliennes pour les oiseaux\u00a0:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les oiseaux ne distinguent pas les pales d\u2019\u00e9oliennes en rotation<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, et entrent en collision avec ces derni\u00e8res. La plupart des oiseaux migrateurs effectuent de longs d\u00e9placements de nuit, pour \u00e9viter la surchauffe corporelle, et ne voient des \u00e9oliennes que le feu de position de la nacelle, tandis que les pales fauchent l\u2019air dans l\u2019obscurit\u00e9, invisibles\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les rapaces, perch\u00e9s sur les pales \u00e0 l\u2019arr\u00eat ou sur les nacelles, ont une vue dominante et ceux d\u2019entre eux qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 chass\u00e9 avec succ\u00e8s parmi ces machines sont attir\u00e9s par elles, car elles sont devenues un indice annon\u00e7ant une chasse fructueuse. <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Plus ils fr\u00e9quentent les sites \u00e9oliens, plus ils ont de chances de se faire frapper par une pale<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, dont ils jugent mal la vitesse\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La diff\u00e9rence entre la <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">lenteur apparente des pales et leur grande vitesse r\u00e9elle <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">transforment les \u00e9oliennes en pi\u00e8ges g\u00e9ants pour les rapaces, hirondelles et chauves-souris. D\u2019ailleurs, nous les humains ne somment gu\u00e8re plus perspicaces : \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153il nu, on imagine mal qu\u2019une pale d\u2019\u00e9olienne atteint pr\u00e8s de 300 km\/h \u00e0 son extr\u00e9mit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">De plus en plus, on s\u2019int\u00e9resse \u00e0 des mammif\u00e8res qui pourraient \u00eatre victimes de ces parcs \u00e9oliens industriels dont ils subissent le voisinage.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000458;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">III. L\u2019incidence sur les animaux terrestres<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les projets \u00e9oliens n\u00e9cessitent tr\u00e8s souvent une <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">d\u00e9forestation de milieux ruraux<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> ce qui veut dire une <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">atteinte irr\u00e9versible aux lieux de vie de nombreux animaux sauvages<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. De nombreux projets \u00e9oliens ignorent l\u2019importance des massifs forestiers, il en est de m\u00eame pour les zones humides, habitats de nombreux animaux. Aucune \u00e9tude ne semble s\u2019int\u00e9resser \u00e0 la cons\u00e9quence de cette destruction des habitats de nombreux animaux. Quant aux promoteurs \u00e9oliens, ils n\u2019h\u00e9sitent pas \u00e0 envisager <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">des projets dans la for\u00eat de la Double en Dordogne<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> ou dans les <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">marais de l\u2019estuaire de la Gironde,<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> lieux de vie d\u2019innombrables animaux.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ce sont les <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">animaux dits de \u201cferme\u201d qui ont suscit\u00e9 quelques int\u00e9r\u00eats<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en ao\u00fbt 2020 dans trois exploitations de vaches laiti\u00e8res situ\u00e9es dans les C\u00f4tes-d\u2019Armor, dans le Nord et en Loire-Atlantique par <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">le laboratoire de ToxSeek Urgence a conclu que les Champs \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques et des terres rares m\u00eal\u00e9s pourraient conduire \u00e0 des pathologies graves chez les b\u0153ufs\/ vaches et veaux, voire chez les humains<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Des analyses toxicologiques ont d\u00e9pist\u00e9 49 m\u00e9taux lourds et terres rares sur les poils de 80 vaches. En 2021, le laboratoire a affirm\u00e9 que \u00ab\u2009<\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">l\u2019augmentation parall\u00e8le des champs \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques (\u00e9oliennes, 5G\u2026) et de l\u2019utilisation de m\u00e9taux \u00e0 fort pouvoir magn\u00e9tique pose la question d\u2019un impact sanitaire majeur \u00e0 venir<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u2009\u00bb. Les antennes relais de t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile, les \u00e9oliennes et les lignes \u00e0 haute tension seraient un <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">v\u00e9ritable danger pour ces animaux<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Il a, \u00e9galement, \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9, des <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">souffrances allant m\u00eame jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la mort des animaux d\u2019\u00e9levage se situant \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des \u00e9oliennes<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Est-ce le bruit provoqu\u00e9 par les vibrations\u00a0? Ou l\u2019influence \u00e9lectro-magn\u00e9tique produite par l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 fournie ? Ou le passage des pales \u00e0 300\u00a0km\/h, de fa\u00e7on constante, perturbant, de mani\u00e8re visuelle et sonore les animaux ? Des \u00e9tudes approfondies sont esp\u00e9r\u00e9es et attendues pour faire la part de ces responsabilit\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000458;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">IV. Les dommages d\u2019une usine \u00e9olienne en mer sur les animaux marins<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les mammif\u00e8res marins se servent des ondes sonores pour naviguer, <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">les perturbations acoustiques sous-marines, les champs \u00e9lectro-magn\u00e9tiques, d\u00e9sorientent les animaux et peuvent les faire s\u2019\u00e9chouer<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. En baie de Saint-Brieuc se trouve la plus grande population de grands dauphins en Europe, recens\u00e9s par l\u2019association Al-lark, pr\u00e8s de 500 s\u00e9dentaris\u00e9s entre le cap de La Hague et Br\u00e9hat.\u2009 L\u2019ampleur du d\u00e9sastre est soulign\u00e9e par deux associations, <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Sea Shepherd France et Gardez les Caps<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, qui <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">ont d\u00e9pos\u00e9 plainte en janvier 2022<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, devant le Conseil d\u2019\u00c9tat avant de saisir la Commission europ\u00e9enne en f\u00e9vrier 2022 <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">pour contester<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">59 d\u00e9rogations de destruction d\u2019esp\u00e8ces et d\u2019habitats prot\u00e9g\u00e9s<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> accord\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019industriel espagnol Iberdrola, porteur du projet du parc \u00e9olien en baie de Saint-Brieuc, et demander l\u2019abandon du parc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Au-del\u00e0 des risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 ce projet sp\u00e9cifique, <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">les projets \u00e9oliens offshore perturbent les mammif\u00e8res marins, les oiseaux marins et les poissons<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0et ont des effets n\u00e9fastes identifi\u00e9s :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Le bruit<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">L\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e9olienne g\u00e9n\u00e8re <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">une pollution sonore n\u00e9faste pour les animaux marins<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">leur sensibilit\u00e9 acoustique les rend particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables aux activit\u00e9s bruyantes<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. La mise en place des fondations des \u00e9oliennes entra\u00eene une fuite de ceux-ci durant la construction des parcs \u00e9oliens. L\u2019augmentation du trafic durant la construction et durant le fonctionnement pour la maintenance augmente leur <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">risque de collision<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Un collectif de scientifiques belges a analys\u00e9 en 2017 les divers effets de l\u2019implantation des bases d\u2019\u00e9oliennes par martelage, les bruits mesur\u00e9s d\u00e9passent 200 dB, <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">un bruit sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui du d\u00e9collage d\u2019une fus\u00e9e Ariane<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Pour des bruits de 175 et de 168 dB, on a constat\u00e9 que <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">99 % des morues<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> \u00e0 75 m de la source sonore <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">subissaient des dommages l\u00e9taux<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (<\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00e9clatement de la vessie natatoire, h\u00e9morragies internes, traumatismes de l\u2019oreille interne<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">)\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La perte d\u2019habitats<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Lors de la construction de l\u2019usine \u00e9olienne, la <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">modification et la perte de l\u2019habitat des mammif\u00e8res marins<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> les \u00e9loigne de la zone et leur fait courir des risques. A 20 km de distance, 75 % des contacts avec les marsouins de la zone ont disparu et on aboutit \u00e0 un \u00e9loignement total sur une surface de 2800 km\u00b2. <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les projets \u00e9oliens ne respectent pas les r\u00e8gles applicables aux esp\u00e8ces et aux habitats prot\u00e9g\u00e9s<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, on trouve des <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">projets \u00e9oliens \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 ou au sein de site Natura 2000<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> tel celui du Parc Naturel Marin du sud d\u2019Ol\u00e9ron aux Sables d\u2019Olonne\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les pollutions marines\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Contre la corrosion des pyl\u00f4nes en acier des \u00e9oliennes en mer, on utilise <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">des \u201canodes sacrificielles\u201d, compos\u00e9es principalement d\u2019aluminium, <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">mais aussi de<\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> zinc et <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">de<\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> m\u00e9taux lourds,<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> qui <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">se dissolvent progressivement dans l\u2019eau<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. (Sur 25 ans, c\u2019est <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">dix tonnes d\u2019aluminium lib\u00e9r\u00e9es dans l\u2019eau de mer pour chaque fondation d\u2019\u00e9olienne<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, selon le calcul \u00e9tabli par l\u2019office f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de la Construction hydraulique)\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Dommages caus\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019environnement<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ces dommages r\u00e9sultent de la turbidit\u00e9, des rejets de s\u00e9diments et des rejets de substances polluantes ;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">oiseaux marins<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0sont \u00e9galement <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">victimes des parcs \u00e9oliens offshore<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00ab <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La mortalit\u00e9 des oiseaux li\u00e9e aux \u00e9oliennes install\u00e9es en mer est particuli\u00e8rement difficile \u00e0 quantifier, puisque les oiseaux bless\u00e9s ou morts qui tombent dans l\u2019eau ne sont jamais retrouv\u00e9s<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0\u00bb, souligne Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Jiguet, ornithologue au Mus\u00e9um national d\u2019histoire naturelle. Ces oiseaux subissent notamment le<\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> risque de collision, <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">la<\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> perte d\u2019habitat, <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">l\u2019<\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">effet barri\u00e8re et <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">la<\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> perte de zones de reproduction et de repos<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> du fait des projets \u00e9oliens.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Une <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">course au d\u00e9veloppement de nouveaux parcs<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Elle se fait <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">au d\u00e9triment des recommandations de protection des animaux<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">L\u2019exemple flagrant est le d\u00e9veloppement des parcs en mer M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, dans le golfe du Lion, o\u00f9 l\u2019on d\u00e9marre des \u00e9tudes d\u2019impact sur la faune en m\u00eame temps que l\u2019ouverture de l\u2019appel d\u2019offres<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> \u00bb, illustre Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Jiguet\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les risques des projets \u00e9oliens offshore ne sont pas \u00e9valu\u00e9s s\u00e9rieusement du fait des moyens mat\u00e9riels et de l\u2019investissement financier consid\u00e9rable pour d\u00e9terminer cette m\u00e9t\u00e9orologie du fond sous-marin. Mais au-del\u00e0 de ces risques, il est manifeste qu\u2019il y a peu de consid\u00e9ration du partage de l\u2019espace terrestre avec les animaux. <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Il y a 100 ans, 85% de la Terre \u00e9taient occup\u00e9s par des espaces sauvages, espaces terrestres et maritimes pr\u00e9serv\u00e9s de l\u2019expansion humaine<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> et de l\u2019exploitation des ressources naturelles. <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">De nos jours, seuls 23% de la Terre sont des territoires sauvages<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> avec des cons\u00e9quences irr\u00e9versibles pour la survie sur terre. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/savoir-animal.fr\/ravages-industrie-eolienne-animaux\/\">https:\/\/savoir-animal.fr\/ravages-industrie-eolienne-animaux\/<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I. Etat des lieux de l\u2019industrie \u00e9olienne<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.quieryavenir.fr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.quieryavenir.fr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.quieryavenir.fr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.quieryavenir.fr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.quieryavenir.fr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11240"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.quieryavenir.fr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11240\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11244,"href":"https:\/\/www.quieryavenir.fr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11240\/revisions\/11244"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.quieryavenir.fr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.quieryavenir.fr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.quieryavenir.fr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}